如何写出合格的动物实验部分SCI论文方法学?
在SCI论文中,“Materials and Methods”(材料与方法)部分是支撑实验可靠性的关键,而动物实验的描述往往是投稿审稿人重点关注的对象之一。
图片来源于“发表学术论文网”
你是否也有过这样的经历:
写方法时“一笔带过”,被审稿人质疑实验设计不严谨?
用词模糊、缺乏参数,导致编辑建议重写?
忘记写动物伦理编号,被直接退稿?
别急!这篇文章将手把手教你如何规范、准确、全面地撰写动物实验的Materials and Methods部分,帮助你顺利通过SCI论文的伦理关和技术关。
一、动物实验方法写不好会怎样?
在SCI投稿中,审稿人常常依据“方法学”判断实验是否可信。动物实验写作不规范,可能带来以下问题:
❌ 被质疑伦理不合规;
❌ 实验不可重复,缺乏参考价值;
❌ 被认为设计不严谨,数据不可靠;
❌ 影响论文接受率甚至被直接拒稿。
二、一个合格的动物实验方法应包括哪些要素?
撰写动物实验的Materials and Methods部分,至少应包含以下6个方面:
- 动物信息(Animal information)
动物种属(如 BALB/c 小鼠、SD 大鼠等)
性别和年龄(如雄性,6\~8周龄)
体重范围(如20\~25g)
来源(如某实验动物中心,需标明许可证编号)
饲养条件(SPF级?自由进食?昼夜循环?)
✅ 示例:
Male BALB/c mice (6–8 weeks old, 20–25 g) were obtained from the Laboratory Animal Center of XX University (License No. SCXK-XX-XXXX) and maintained under SPF conditions with a 12 h light/dark cycle and ad libitum access to food and water.
- 伦理声明(Ethical approval)
明确说明实验获得了伦理批准;
提供伦理编号及机构名称;
可单独成段,也可嵌入动物信息中。
✅ 示例:
All animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of XX University (Approval No. IACUC-2023-001).
- 分组与实验设计(Grouping and experimental design)
动物分为几个组?每组多少只?
实验时间节点是什么?是否盲法?
药物/模型干预时间表要写清。
✅ 示例:
Mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 per group): control group, model group, and treatment group. The treatment was administered once daily for 14 consecutive days starting from day 1 after model induction.
- 建模方式(Disease model or intervention)
建模方法是什么?操作步骤要详细;
药物或刺激的剂量、途径、频率;
模型验证标准,如体重变化、行为学等。
✅ 示例:
The diabetic model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg) dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Mice with fasting blood glucose levels above 11.1 mmol/L on day 3 post-injection were considered diabetic.
- 药物处理或干预(Drug administration or treatment)
药物名、厂家、批号;
溶剂和浓度;
给药途径(灌胃、注射等);
起始时间和给药周期。
✅ 示例:
Mice in the treatment group received 100 mg/kg metformin (Sigma, M2004) by oral gavage daily for 14 days. The drug was dissolved in 0.9% saline.
- 采样与终点指标(Sampling and endpoints)
实验终点设置(如第14天、死亡、最大肿瘤体积等);
采血方式(尾静脉、眼眶、心脏);
解剖与组织取材方式。
✅ 示例:
On day 15, mice were euthanized by overdose of pentobarbital sodium (150 mg/kg, i.p.), and blood was collected via cardiac puncture. The liver, kidney, and pancreas were excised for histological analysis.
三、写作格式和语言风格建议
使用被动语态更常见(例如:“Mice were administered…”);
时间采用过去时;
保持句式简洁、逻辑清晰,便于复现;
参数要具体,不要模糊(比如“合适剂量”要换成“100 mg/kg”)。
四、常见错误及修正示例
错误写法 | 问题 | 正确示例 |
Mice were fed normally. | 缺少饲养条件细节 | Mice were maintained under SPF conditions with a 12 h light/dark cycle. |
Animals were treated with drug. | 未注明药物名称和剂量 | Animals were treated with metformin (100 mg/kg/day, oral gavage). |
The study followed ethical guidelines. | 缺乏编号和机构信息 | Approved by the IACUC of XX University (No. IACUC-2023-001). |
五、额外加分项(可选但加分)
✅ 动物随机分组方法(如随机数字表)
✅ 实验人员是否盲法处理
✅ 动物福利措施(如镇痛处理)
✅ 使用 ARRIVE 报告规范(SCI投稿强烈推荐)
总结
动物实验部分写作要做到:
信息全面、参数具体;
结构清晰、逻辑严谨;
严守伦理规范,注重可重复性。
写好Materials and Methods不仅是SCI发表的保障,更体现你对科研质量与动物伦理的尊重。
扩展阅读推荐:
ARRIVE 2.0指南(动物实验报告国际标准)
如何快速搭建小鼠糖尿病模型?
动物实验常用评分量表合集(疼痛评分、生存评分等)